Historical Background
History About Susanne
Wiight-Masa
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Susanne studied Biology at
Gothenburg University and graduated with a BA degree in 1979. She
commenced her career as a teacher, lecturing on ecological
lifestyles and composting.
Following the birth of her son in
1981, she began working as an environmental engineer at a
petrochemical industry in Stenungsund, where she remained for 15
years.
In 1997 Susanne started and
registered Gronskan, an ecological garden including a store which
served produce from the garden and als an educational
centre. This work received the attention from the Swedish King
who awarded the project a Royal prize. The garden quickly became
well known and visitors from all over the world came to visit
it.
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In 2001 Promessa was born, after
almost three years of preparation. The first patent
registration being made in December 1999, concerning the "Method
for Mouldering". The concept of Promessa was introduced
at a press conference in Stockholm in May 2001.
Susanne is married to Peter and they
have three children; Carl aged 25; Emma aged 22 and Frida aged
17. Since their marriage in 1979 they have lived on an island
on the west coast of Sweden, where they built their house and
created their lives around the passion they share for the garden
and nature.
An alternative to burial or cremation?
Prior to 1884 when cremation first
became legal in Britain, burial was the only option available for
the disposal of the deceased. Cremation was hailed as the
solution to reducing the spread of disease caused by the sanitary
problems in grave yards, and it also meant that the ever increasing
need for burial ground would diminish "save the land for the
living".
During the late 20th century the
Government became aware of the amount of emissions crematoria were
producing and introduced the Environmental Protection Act 1990,
Process Guidance Note PG/2, which came into force in
1991. Since then substantial improvements in the control of
emissions have been made, until recently however this control did
not include emissions of mercury from crematoria. It is
estimated that without Government intervention, emissions of
mercury from crematoria will rise by two thirds from 2000 to 2020
making it the biggest single contributor to mercury emissions in
this country. Suddenly cremation does not seem so
agreeable.
At the present time we can only
offer burial and cremation BUT perhaps there may be a Third Way, a
more environmentally friendly way.
CREWE AND NANTWICH
INTRODUCTION TO 'PROMESSION'
Imagine the scene on a fine April
morning. There has been a heavy frost and on a remote hillside
cottage in the Highlands of Scotland, the nearest neighbours ten
miles away and no signal to enable the mobile phone to work, the
post van arrives. The cottage doesn't have a letterbox so my
husband goes to welcome the postmistress who, as well as passing
twenty odd minutes chatting, hands him a letter. He walks into
the cottage. "Its from your mother", he says. An air of
foreboding descends, why would she write to me? Something
must have happened.
I open the envelope and take out the
neatly scripted letter, ignoring the newspaper cutting that floats
to the floor, impatient to find out the reason why my mother would
wish to write to me on holiday. The letter contains general
chit chat on the lines of "your Dads got a cold", "they've given it
bad weather for you up there" etc, etc, then the final paragraph,
"I've enclosed a clipping from the Sunday paper, which I thought
you might like to read".
I pick up the cutting from the floor
and unfold it to reveal:
"Freeze-dried and then
turned to powder: the new way to be buried... "
I read the article with a great deal
of interest. Indeed, I was so interested that I re-read it
several times during my holiday.
May 2004, I am in a meeting and my
pen runs out. I am sure that I have another in my bag. What is
this? It is my newspaper cutting from holiday. My interest is
stirred once again and I decide to show the article to David
Marren, the Executive Director of the Direct Services
Directorate.
The feedback is positive. He is
interested in the idea and fully supportive. Indeed, he actively
encourages me to investigate it further and gather more
information. This new alternative to burial or cremation could be
the solution to the problem with mercury emissions that may occur
with cremation.
Twelve months later and I have built
up a small file containing information on Promession, most of which
came from the 'Promessa' web site, though some of it came from
newspaper articles. However, it had been a while since I had seen
any articles about Promession in the press and then I noticed that
at the Cremation Society of Great Britain's conference in July, one
of the papers was to be by Susanne Wiigh-Masak the originator of
Promession.
On a very, very hot morning I found
myself, David and the other delegates, waiting for the start of
Susanne's presentation. I hoped that it would be interesting,
as this was the last lecture and the heat of the room made
concentrating difficult. It didn't look like a very promising
session was about to take place. There was no power point system,
no overhead projector or anything else. Susanne was
introduced, and, right from the start I knew it was going to be
something different. This engaging Swedish lady captivated all
of the delegates there and there was no going to sleep in this
presentation because it was dynamic and Susanne's passion for the
subject reverberated around the room. What should have been a
thirty minute presentation lasted well over an hour, such was the
interest generated.
After she had finished, Susanne
agreed to join us to answer some of our questions on
Promession. One could not help but be drawn into her
enthusiasm for this alternative to burial or cremation and her
answers to our questions were both frank and open. David
explained that we were very interested in this concept and asked if
she would be prepared to visit Crewe and Nantwich sometime in the
future for further discussions. Susanne agreed to this
proposal.
In October 2005, a thirteen page
long report was submitted to the Board, the subject being the
"Abatement of Mercury Emissions from Crematoria". Contained
within this report was a two paragraph long option giving brief
details of the Promession process, with a recommendation to
investigate this further. Little did we know then, that this
would create such a stir with the representatives of the
media.
Next day we were inundated with
enquiries not only from the local radio station and the local
newspapers, but also from the national news organisations,
including the Times and BBC Radio 4, to name but a few. Crewe and
Nantwich had achieved celebrity status. The coverage meant that the
general public were now aware of this new concept and they wanted
more information on it. It was with bated breath that I picked
up the phone or read a letter on the subject, every time expecting
it to be negative or full of criticism, but NO, everything was
positive and the people I spoke to were genuinely enthusiastic
about Promession.
The interest that the media had
generated led to a visit to the Home Office to discuss the
legalities of the process. David and I spent a couple of hours
with Brian Patterson (Constitutional Affairs) together with two of
his colleagues from the Coroner's Office, discussing a wide variety
of issues relating to the subject of Promession. Following our
visit we had arranged to meet Susanne for further
discussions. Susanne was in London, in order to attend the
Green Apple Awards at the House of Commons having been nominated
for her work in finding an ecological alternative to burial and
cremation. She actually received a Gold Award. Before leaving
we were able to arrange a date for Susanne to visit Crewe and
Nantwich to give a presentation on the subject of Promession.
Some of you may have been at the
presentation and if so I hope you found it both interesting and
informative. For those of you who were unable to attend and
are unaware of the process, Promession begins with cooling the
casket containing the deceased to a temperature of minus
18o C. The temperature is then reduced further to minus
196o C using liquid nitrogen. This makes the body
very brittle. The coffin and contents are then subject to
gentle vibration, which turns the body into an organic powder,
which is then placed into a vacuum chamber to allow any liquid to
evaporate away. The now dry powder passes through a metal
separator where any surgical parts and dental amalgam are
removed. The remaining organic powder is ready to be placed in
a biodegradable coffin and buried in a shallow grave, where the
living soil turns the coffin and its contents into compost within
six to twelve months.
If such a process had been available
in 1874 when the declaration, given below, drawn up by Sir Henry
Thompson and his distinguished friends and on which the Cremation
Society of England was founded, would the word cremation have been
replaced with Promession?
The Declaration
'We, the undersigned, disapprove the
present custom of burying the dead, and we desire to substitute
some model which shall rapidly resolve the body into its component
elements, by a process which cannot offend the living, and shall
render the remains perfectly innocuous. Until some better
method is devised we desire to adopt that usually known as
cremation. '
We believe it would. A cross
party political group has now been set up who are investigating the
practicalities of introducing Promession into Crewe and
Nantwich. So far the group has held talks with the
manufacturers of liquid nitrogen to ascertain an independent view
on the potential environmental impact of the process. Our aim is to
be sufficiently informed on all aspects of Promession by the time
we have to make a decision whether to renew our cremators.